📱 eBook en inglés SOLAR SYSTEM

As you all might know solar system is a gravitationally bound
system. It consists of the sun and all the objects that orbit it.
These objects might orbit the sun either directly or indirectly.
The eight planets are the largest objects that orbit the sun
directly. Rests of them are significantly smaller objects such as
dwarf planets, small solar system bodies etc. It is said that solar
system was formed about 4.6 billion years ago. The reason
behind such gigantic formation was gravitational collapse of an
interstellar molecular cloud that has the size even bigger than
our current solar system.
Most amount of the systems mass is packed within the sun
itself. A significant amount of remaining mass is contained in
Jupiter. Main eight planets are often studied in two groups,
inner planets and outer planets. Inner planets are mercury,
Venus, Earth and Mars. These planets are often referred as
terrestrial planets since their primary elements are rock and
metals. Remaining outer planets are also referred as giant
planets since they are noticeably massive compared to inner
planets. Two largest among them that are Jupiter and Venus
are known as gas giants since they are mainly formed with
hydrogen and helium. Remaining two outermost planets are
known as ice giants (Uranus & Neptune). These ice giants are
formed with elements with high melting points compared to
hydrogen and helium. These elements are called ices such as
water, ammonia and methane. All planets possess their unique
orbit that is almost circular. These orbits lie within a flat surface
that is known as ecliptic.
Along with these super large planets, there are smaller objects
too. Between the orbits of mars and Jupiter, there lies a group
of objects such as terrestrial planets or rocks and metals, etc.
This area or group is known as asteroid belt. It is noticeable
that our solar system does not end with the orbit of Neptune.
Kuiper belt and scattered discs are located beyond Neptunes
orbit. They are also considered a part of our solar system.
Kuiper belt and scattered discs are group of trans-Neptunian
objects. Most of them are formed with ices. Beyond kuiper belt,
population of sednoids have been discover in near past.
Together all these populations tend to hold more than ten
thousand objects. These objects are large enough to hold their
own gravity field around them. Such objects are referred as
dwarf planets. Asteroid Ceres and trans-Neptunian objects Pluto
and Eris are known dwarf planets. It is noticeable that Pluto
was considered a planet in the past, however, not any more.
In these regions, other minor objects such as comets, centaurs
and interplanetary dust freely travel from on region to another.
Six planets from main eight planets, four dwarf planets and
many minor objects are orbited by natural satellites that we
refer as moon or moons. Almost every outer planer is encircled
with planetary rings made of dust and other objects. Venus
and Jupiter have a clearly visible planetary ring where Uranus
and Neptune have thinner one. In this book we will cover all
the basic concepts that will help you to understand vast
theories later on in dipper studies.