Libros de Lógica, página 18 de 23

Gersonides was a highly original Jewish philosopher, scientist and biblical exegete, active in Provence in the first half of the fourteenth century. Ruth Glasner explores his impressive achievements, and argues that the key to understanding his originality is his perspective as an applied mathematical scientist. It was this perspective that led him to examine Aristotelianism from directions different from those usually adopted by contemporary scholastic scholars. Gersonides started on his way, as he himself claims, as a mathematician, natural scientist, and philosopher, who believed in his power to solve the main problems of medieval science. He ended up concentrating on his work as a mathematical astronomer, developing techniques of observation and computation, and somewhat less optimistic about the prospect of scientific knowledge.

The seventeenth century saw more dramatic advances in mathematical theory and practice than any other era before or since. With the recovery of many of the classical Greek mathematical texts, new techniques were introduced, and within 100 years, analytic geometry, the geometry of indivisibles, the arithmetic of infinites, and the calculus had been developed. Philosophy of mathematics and mathematical practice in the seventeenth century have often been studied independently of one another. In this groundbreaking work, Paolo Mancosu offers the first comprehensive account of the rich interaction between the two fields. Beginning with the Renaissance debates on the certainty of mathematics, Mancosu leads the reader through the foundational issues raised by the emergence of these new mathematical techniques, including the influence of the Aristotelian conception of science in Cavalieri and Guldin, the foundational relevance of Descartess Geometrie, the relationship between empiricist epistemology and infinitistic theorems in geometry, and the debates concerning the foundations of the Leibnizian calculus. In the process, Mancosu draws a sophisticated picture of the subtle dependencies between technical development and philosophical reflection in seventeenth-century mathematics. Philosophers of mathematics and historians of philosophy and mathematics will welcome this much needed study.

Immanuel Kants enduring influence on philosophy is indisputable. In particular, Kant transformed debates on the fundamental questions in logic, and it is the significance and complexity of this accomplishment that Huaping Lu-Adler here explores. Kants theory of logic represents a turning point in a history of philosophical debates over the following questions: Is logic a science, instrument, standard of assessment, or mixture of these? Kants official answer to these questions centers on three distinctions: general versus particular logic; pure versus applied logic; pure general logic versus transcendental logic. The true meaning and significance of each distinction becomes clear, Lu-Adler argues, only if we consider two factors. First, Kant was mindful of various historical views on how logic relates to other branches of philosophy and to the workings of common human understanding. Second, he invented transcendental logic while struggling to secure metaphysics as a proper science, and this conceptual innovation in turn held profound implications for his mature theory of logic. Against this backdrop, Lu-Adler reassesses the place of Kants theory in the history of philosophy of logic and highlights certain issues that are debated today, including normativity of logic and the challenges posed by logical pluralism. Kant and the Science of Logic is both a history of philosophy of logic told from the Kantian viewpoint and a reconstruction of Kants theory of logic from a historical perspective. It is a vital contribution to the study of Kantian logic.

This book seeks the unity in this diversity by asking what properties a structure should have to qualify it to be a logic. It does not provide a complete atlas of the logic manifold but prepounds a principle which, though it makes neither the crooked straight nor the rough places plane, facilitates the drawing of local charts of the fortuitous crookedness of real logical highways and byways.

Para la gravedad newtoniana no importa que la Tierra mantenga su rica biodiversidad o se desertice a causa de una contaminación irreversible, pues sólo considera la cantidad de masa y no su grado de complejidad. El concepto leibniziano de la Monada nos permite penetrar en el interior de las masas, descubrir que la atraccion puede encerrar convergencias y superposiciones armonicas, y señalar el camino para culminar la revolucion de Copernico, inacabada por el temor humano a la libertad.

Casi nadie duda ya de que el aprendizaje escolar solo tiene verdadero alcance cuando el propio aprendiz se siente comprometido, dándo sentido desde sus estructuras e intereses. El conocimiento no se consigue mediante la simple exposición a nuevos contenidos. Sólo se aprende cuando los contenidos tienen un sentido y significado que sólo el sujeto es capaz de prestar. El aprendizaje tiene un componente de construcción propia que explica las distintas interpretaciones que sobre un mismo hecho se van elaborando a lo largo del desarrollo. Este libro aborda distintas perspectivas con el objetivo de orientar en la aventura de investigar sobre psicodidáctica.

Miguel Sánchez-Mazas (1925-1995) ha sido uno de los pensadores españoles más originales de la segunda mitad del s. XX. Primer Catedrático de Lógica de la UPV-EHU, su obra académica se centra en la Lógica formal con dedicacion especial a la logica de normas y deontica, informatica aplicada a la jurisprudencia, el pensamiento de Leibniz, la Filosofia en general. Junto a esta obra academica, escribio multitud de articulos de pensamiento politico, etico, cultural... manifestacion de su empeño en plasmar, aqui y ahora, un mundo de libertad y convivencia. En este Primer volumen de sus Obras Escogidas se recogen 22 de los trabajos publicados entre 1951 y 1998 dedicados a Leibniz, la Logica formal y su aritmetizacion. Comprenden desde el Calculo logico y la Combinatoria de Leibniz a un esquema de las ideas logicas de Leibniz, asi como los Fundamentos matematicos de la logica formal, modelos aritmeticos de la silogistica, calculo numerico de proposiciones, la caracteristica como metodo de decision, hasta alcanzar la formulacion de su muy original Caracteristica Numerica Universal. Son trabajos que conllevan un dominio tecnico pero tambien un conocimiento extraordinario de la Historia de la Logica y el pensamiento de Leibniz y, a la vez, un profundo pensamiento ontologico. El volumen se acompaña de un Cuadro cronologico de la vida de Sanchez-Mazas y de un estudio preliminar de Javier de Lorenzo. El segundo volumen, obligadamente complementario de este porque el pensamiento de Sanchez-Mazas no se escinde en compartimentos estancos, recogera sus aportaciones a la logica modal aletica, los sistemas normativos del Derecho positivo, la Informatica juridica con sus problemas de decision...

Homenaje del Departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar de la Universidad de Málaga al profesor Antonio Fortes Ramírez. Esta obra, que recoge uno de los últimos trabajos de Antonio, se estructura en dos partes. La primera lleva por titulo "Escuela y Diversidad", la segunda "Escuela y Sociedad".

Debate entorno el problema dela racionalidad, protagonizado por las principales figuras de la filosofía de la ciencia en las últimas décadas.