PLUTARCH

Plutarchs "Parallel Lives" (AKA Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans) is a collection of biographies about great men and leaders from Greece and Rome.The book is structured in pairs of biographies including Themistocles v. Camillus, Pyrrhus v. Marius, Alexander v. Caesar, and Phocion v. Cato the Younger. Plutarch compares the lives of leaders from both the Greeks and the Romans to show how similar they were. He hoped that the comparisons would lead to mutual respect between the two empires that were both influential at the time. As a result, most of the biographies are filled with moral teachings. "Parallel Lives" can still be used by anyone intending to run for public office today since the same ethical principles apply to modern leaders.

From an intimate and moving letter to his grieving wife on the death of their daughter, to elegant writings on morality, happiness and the avoidance of anger, Plutarchs powerful words of consolation and inspiration still offer timeless wisdom and guidance today.

Plutarch, who was born at Chronea in Botia, probably about A.D. 50, and was a contemporary of Tacitus and Pliny, has written two works still extant, the well-known Lives, and the less-known Moralia. The Lives have often been translated, and have always been a popular work. Great indeed was their power at the period of the French Revolution. The Moralia, on the other hand, consisting of various Essays on various subjects (only twenty-six of which are directly ethical, though they have given their name to the Moralia), are declared by Mr. Paley "to be practically almost unknown to most persons in Britain, even to those who call themselves scholars."1 Habent etiam sua fata libelli.In older days the Moralia were more valued. Montaigne, who was a great lover of Plutarch, and who observes in one passage of his Essays that "Plutarch and Seneca were the only two books of solid learning he seriously settled himself to read," quotes as much from the Moralia as from the Lives. And in the seventeenth century I cannot but think the Moralia were largely read at our Universities, at least at the University of Cambridge. For, not to mention the wonderful way in which the famous Jeremy Taylor has taken the cream of "Conjugal Precepts" in his Sermon called "The Marriage Ring," or the large and copious use viiihe has made in his "Holy Living" of three other Essays in this volume, namely, those "On Curiosity,""On Restraining Anger," and "On Contentedness of Mind," proving conclusively what a storehouse he found the Moralia, we have evidence that that most delightful poet, Robert Herrick, read the Moralia, too, when at Cambridge, so that one cannot but think it was a work read in the University course generally in those days. For in a letter to his uncle written from Cambridge, asking for books or money for books, he makes the following remark: "How kind Arcisilaus the philosopher was unto Apelles the painter, Plutark in his Morals will tell you."...

Andrew Lang (1844-1912) was a prolific Scots man of letters, a poet, novelist, literary critic and contributor to anthropology. He now is best known as the collector of folk and fairy tales. He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, St Andrews University and at Balliol College, Oxford. As a journalist, poet, critic and historian, he soon made a reputation as one of the ablest and most versatile writers of the day. Lang was one of the founders of the study of "Psychical Research," and his other writings on anthropology include The Book of Dreams and Ghosts (1897), Magic and Religion (1901) and The Secret of the Totem (1905). He was a Homeric scholar of conservative views. Other works include Homer and the Epic (1893); a prose translation of The Homeric Hymns (1899), with literary and mythological essays in which he draws parallels between Greek myths and other mythologies; and Homer and his Age (1906). He also wrote Ballades in Blue China (1880) and Rhymes la Mode (1884).

Tr.: Aubrey Stewart and George Long

Plutarchs Lives is a collection of biographies of famous Greeks and Romans, written by the ancient Greek philosopher Plutarch. The biographies were originally published in the late 1st century AD and early 2nd century AD and have been influential in shaping Western views of classical history and politics.The book is comprised of 46 biographies, each comparing the lives of two historical figures who lived at approximately the same time. Plutarchs intention was to provide readers with examples of virtue and vice in order to help them live better lives. The biographies cover a range of topics, including politics, war, philosophy, and ethics.Some of the most famous biographies in the collection include those of Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Cicero. Plutarchs approach to biography was innovative for his time, as he sought to understand the psychology and motivations of the people he wrote about, rather than just recounting their actions.Plutarchs Lives has been widely read and studied over the centuries and has influenced many writers, including Shakespeare. It remains a valuable source of historical information and insights into the lives and values of ancient Greeks and Romans.Plutarch (c. 46 - c. 120 AD) was an ancient Greek historian, biographer, and essayist. He was born in the town of Chaeronea in Boeotia, Greece, and spent much of his life in Athens, where he became a priest and an important figure in the intellectual and cultural life of the city.

Among the extant Lives of Plutarch there are thirteen Lives of Romans which belong to the most eventful period of Roman history. They are the lives of the brothers Tiberius and Caius Sempronius Gracchus, of Caius Marius, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Quintus Sertorius, Marcus Licinius Crassus, Cneius Pompeius Magnus, Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Lucius Licinius Lucullus, Caius Julius Caesar, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Marcus Antonius. From the year of the death of Tiberius Gracchus, B.C. 133, to the death of Marcus Antonius, B.C. 30, a period of about one hundred years, the Roman State was convulsed by revolutions which grew out of the contest between the People and the Nobility, or rather, out of the contests between the leaders of these two bodies. This period is the subject of Appians History of the Civil Wars of the Romans, in Five Books. Appian begins with the Tribunate and legislation of Tiberius Gracchus, from which he proceeds to the Dictatorship of Sulla, and then to the quarrels between Pompeius and Caesar, and Caesars Dictatorship and assassination. He then proceeds to the history of the Triumvirate formed after Caesars death by his great nephew Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus, Marcus Antonius, and Lepidus, the quarrels of the Triumviri, the downfall of Lepidus, who was reduced to the condition of a private person, and the death of Sextus Pompeius, the last support of the party in whose cause his father, Cneius Pompeius, lost his life.

Tr.: Aubrey Stewart and George Long / Contents: / Life of Plutarch / Life of Theseus / Life of Romulus / Comparison of Theseus and Romulus / Life of Lykurgus / Life of Numa / Comparison of Numa with Lykurgus / Life of Solon / Life of Poplicola / Comparison of Solon and Poplicola / Life of Themistokles / Life of Camillus / Life of Perikles / Life of Fabius Maximus / Comparison of Perikles and Fabius Maximius / Life of Alkibiades / Life of Caius Marcius Coriolanus / Comparison between Alkibiades and Coriolanus / Life of Timoleon / Life of Aemilius / Comparison of Paulus Aemilius and Timoleon

Trans.: Arthur Richard Shilleto

Cato the elder, speaking to some persons who were praising a man of reckless daring and audacity in war, observed that there is a difference between a mans setting a high value on courage, and setting a low value on his own lifeand rightly. For a daring soldier in the army of Antigonus, but of broken and ill health, being asked by the king the reason of his paleness, confessed that he was suffering from some secret disorder. When then the king, anxious for him, charged his physicians to use the greatest care in their treatment, if a cure were possible, at length this brave fellow, being restored to health, was no longer fond of peril and furious in battle, so that Antigonus reproved him, and expressed surprise at the change. The man made no secret of his reason, but answered: "My, king, you have made me less warlike by freeing me from those miseries on account of which I used to hold my life cheap." And the Sybarite seems to have spoken to the same effect about the Spartans, when he said that "they do no great thing by dying in the wars in order to escape from such labours and such a mode of life as theirs."

All are agreed that Alexander was descended on his fathers side from Herakles through Karanus, and on his mothers from akus through Neoptolemus.We are told that Philip and Olympias first met during their initiation into the sacred mysteries at Samothrace, and that he, while yet a boy, fell in love with the orphan girl, and persuaded her brother Arymbas to consent to their marriage. The bride, before she consorted with her husband, dreamed that she had been struck by a thunderbolt, from which a sheet of flame sprang out in every direction, and then suddenly died away. Philip himself some time after his marriage dreamed that he set a seal upon his wifes body, on which was engraved the figure of a lion. When he consulted the soothsayers as to what this meant, most of them declared the meaning to be, that his wife required more careful watching; but Aristander of Telmessus declared that she must be pregnant, because men do not seal up what is empty, and that she would bear a son of a spirited and lion-like disposition.

Editor: John S. White

Roy Rockwood was a house pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate for boys adventure books. The name is mostly well-remembered for the Bomba, the Jungle Boy (1926-1937) and Great Marvel series (1906- 1935). The Stratemeyer Syndicate was the producer of a number of series for children and adults including the Nancy Drew mysteries, the Hardy Boys, and others. The Stratemeyer Syndicate was the creation of Edward Stratemeyer, whose ambition was to be a writer la Horatio Alger. He succeeded in this ambition (eventually even writing eleven books under the pseudonym "Horatio Alger"), turning out inspirational, up-by-the-bootstraps tales. In Stratemeyers view, it was not the promise of sex or violence that made such reading attractive to boys; it was the thrill of feeling "grown-up" and the desire for a series of stories, an "I want some more" syndrome. Works written under that name include: Five Thousand Miles Underground; or, The Mystery of the Centre of the Earth (1908), Jack Norths Treasure Hunt (1907) and Lost on the Moon; or, In Quest of the Field of Diamonds (1911).

The definitive biography of Alexander the Great, pieced together afresh from original sources, and with an introduction to the man, his achievements and his enduring reputation by Michael Wood. Comprises a chronological selection of extracts taken from Arrians The Campaigns of Alexander, Plutarchs The Age of Alexander and Quintus Curtius Rufuss History of Alexander. Published to coincide with the forthcoming films of Alexander.Introduccion al Michael Wood

Plutarch, Beradotte PerrinPlutarch (Plutarchus), ca. 45120 CE, was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia in central Greece, studied philosophy at Athens, and, after coming to Rome as a teacher in philosophy, was given consular rank by the emperor Trajan and a procuratorship in Greece by Hadrian. He was married and the father of one daughter and four sons. He appears as a man of kindly character and independent thought, studious and learned. Plutarch wrote on many subjects. Most popular have always been the 46 Parallel Lives, biographies planned to be ethical examples in pairs (in each pair, one Greek figure and one similar Roman), though the last four lives are single. All are invaluable sources of our knowledge of the lives and characters of Greek and Roman statesmen, soldiers and orators. Plutarch's many other varied extant works, about 60 in number, are known as Moralia or Moral Essays. They are of high literary value, besides being of great use to people interested in philosophy, ethics and religion. The Loeb Classical Library edition of the Lives is in eleven volumes.

Ever since my fortunateor shall I say unfortunate?connection with that famous case of murder in Gramercy Park, I have had it intimated to me by many of my friendsand by some who were not my friendsthat no woman who had met with such success as myself in detective work would ever be satisfied with a single display of her powers, and that sooner or later I would find myself again at work upon some other case of striking peculiarities. As vanity has never been my foible, and as, moreover, I never have forsaken and never am likely to forsake the plain path marked out for my sex, at any other call than that of duty, I invariably responded to these insinuations by an affable but incredulous smile, striving to excuse the presumption of my friends by remembering their ignorance of my nature and the very excellent reasons I had for my one notable interference in the police affairs of New York City. Besides, though I appeared to be resting quietly, if not in entire contentment, on my laurels, I was not so utterly removed from the old atmosphere of crime and its detection as the world in general considered me to be. Mr. Gryce still visited me; not on business, of course, but as a friend, for whom I had some regard; and naturally our conversation was not always confined to the weather or even to city politics, provocative as the latter subject is of wholesome controversy.

The final volume of DArtagnan Romances: it is usually split into four parts, The Vicomte de Bragelonne, Ten Years Later, Louise de la Valliere, and the final portion is entitled The Man in the Iron M