Establishing a reliable, high-pressure plumbing system requires materials that will not rupture under the strain of shifting soil or sudden temperature drops. Thousands of years before the mass production of cast iron, Zapotec engineers in the Oaxaca valley achieved this necessary durability using locally sourced, precisely engineered clays.The secret to their success lay in the highly specific firing process of their ceramic conduits. By mixing crushed quartz and limestone into the wet clay before baking, artisans created a composite material with an incredibly low coefficient of thermal expansion. When ice-cold mountain spring water rushed through pipes buried in sun-baked earth, the ceramic matrix absorbed the severe thermal shock without fracturing. This microscopic manipulation of clay ensured that their underground aqueducts remained completely intact for centuries.Examine the molecular resilience of ancient pottery. Learn how indigenous artisans engineered composite ceramics to withstand the harsh thermal and physical stresses of a subterranean plumbing network.

Descubre los lugares donde historia y misterio se encuentran.¿Existen enigmas que la ciencia aún no ha resuelto?¿O lo que llamamos «misterios del pasado» son, en realidad, preguntas mal planteadas?Pi

Géosciences, sciences de la vie, sciences environnementales, sciences chimiques et physiques ; ces disciplines connaissent un développement continu pour analyser, dater, imager ou restituer les données sur les societes, les environnements du passe et leurs interactions. Le point par un collectif dauteurs reuni par lINRAP. Bien quelle en trouve parfois, larcheologie na pas vocation a chercher de chefs-duvre : elle exhume et interprete les indices que recele le sol pour connaitre les societes humaines du passe. Mais la recherche ne sarrete pas a la fouille et se prolonge par un intense travail de laboratoire. Ainsi larcheologie recourt-elle de longue date aux outils des geosciences, des sciences de la vie, des sciences environnementales, des sciences chimiques et physiques pour interpreter les elements les plus tenus. Ces disciplines connaissent un developpement continu pour analyser, dater, imager ou restituer les donnees sur les societes, les environnements du passe et leurs interactions. Cet ouvrage fait le point sur leurs dernieres avancees. Des scientifiques confirmes et de jeunes chercheurs presentent des travaux novateurs : sans entrer dans la technicite des methodes, ils montrent comment la connaissance du passe, a partir des traces les plus infimes, est renouvelee par lapport de ces nouvelles disciplines.

Described by Lewis Binford in his new foreword as a "solid foundation on which to build a vital and growing historical archaeology," Stanley Souths famous book on historical archaeology includes a new introduction by the author that discusses how the book came to be written and the evolution of the field. Widely regarded as one of the most influential books in historical archaeology, the book was originally published by Academic Press in 1977.

The paperback release of the second volume of Sitchins autobiographical account of the investigations and discoveries that led to The Earth Chronicles series Zecharia Sitchin tells how his life was at risk inside the Great Pyramid and reveals the existence of a secret chamber Reports on Vatican encounters, the Iceman of the Alps, the Antikythera computer, the temples and Ruts of Malta--and offers a solution to the enigma of the Nazca lines 18,000 copies sold in hardcover since September 2007 In Journeys to the Mythical Past the renowned researcher of antiquity Zecharia Sitchin reveals, for the first time, the existence of a secret chamber in Egypts Great Pyramid, and he tells his own story of an indefatigable dedication to finding the truth that almost cost him his life--accidentally or otherwise--when uncovering secrets of the Giza pyramids and Sphinx. Exposing hidden artifacts that contradict establishment assumptions or that baffle scientists, Sitchins firsthand accounts of his explorations take the reader into the inner workings of the Vatican, the enigma of a futuristic computer from millennia ago, and the secret handiwork of a Divine Architect at Stonehenge, at Malta, and at a site in the Americas. Looking deep into antiquity, Sitchin offers astounding evidence that links the Nazca lines and a baffling adjoining site to the Departure from Earth of the Anunnaki, the ancient gods who, he believes, vowed to Return.

The crowning work of the best-selling Earth Chronicles series Reveals the existence of physical evidence of alien presence on Earth in the distant past Identifies and describes the demigods, such as Gilgamesh, descended from these visitors Outlines the tests of this physical evidence of alien presence that could unlock the secrets of health, longevity, life, and death In whose genetic image were we made? From his first book The 12th Planet on, Zecharia Sitchin has asserted that the Bibles Elohim who said Let us fashion The Adam in our image and after our likeness were the gods of Sumer and Babylon--the Anunnaki who had come to Earth from their planet Nibiru. The Adam, he wrote, was genetically engineered by adding Anunnaki genes to those of an existing hominid, some 300,000 years ago. Then, according to the Bible, intermarriage took place: There were giants upon the Earth who took Adams female offspring as wives, giving birth to heroes of renown. With meticulous detail, Sitchin shows that these were the demigods of Sumerian and Babylonian lore, such as the famed Mesopotamian king Gilgamesh as well as the hero of the Deluge, the Babylonian Utnapishtim. Are we then, all of us, descendants of demigods? In this crowning oeuvre, Zecharia Sitchin proceeds step-by-step through a mass of ancient writings and artifacts, leading the reader to the stunning Royal Tombs of Ur. He reveals a DNA source that could prove the biblical and Sumerian tales true, providing conclusive physical evidence for past alien presence on Earth and an unprecedented scientific opportunity to track down the Missing Link in humankinds evolution, unlocking the secrets of longevity and even the ultimate mystery of life and death.

An encyclopedic compendium of the myths and actual events from humanitys ancient civilizations that reveal the influence of visitors from the 12th planet--the Anunnaki Offers easy access to the myriad characters and subjects covered by the seven books of The Earth Chronicles series Provides alphabetical listings to the terminology of ancient civilizations concerning their gods, kings, cultures, and religions Contains detailed summations, commentaries, and instructions for locating topics within all the authors books The Earth Chronicles series, a historical and archaeological adventure into the origins of mankind and planet Earth, began with the publication of the bestselling The 12th Planet. The series is based on the premise that the myths from the worlds earliest civilizations were in fact recollections of actual events and that the gods of ancient peoples were visitors to Earth from another planet--the Anunnaki, inhabitants of the 12th planet. The series books include The 12th Planet, The Stairway to Heaven, The Wars of Gods and Men, The Lost Realms, When Time Began, The Cosmic Code, and The End of Days, all products of the authors unmatched study of the ancient records of Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, Israel, and Egypt and the civilizations of pre-Columbian America. Unearthing the hidden history of Earth and mankind, the series uses the past to unveil the meaning of the prophesied future. Zecharia Sitchin has created an encyclopedic compendium of the key figures, sites, concepts, and beliefs to provide a unique navigational tool through this entire opus. Entries are coded to indicate at a glance their cultural origin and contain summations, commentaries, and guidance for locating the topics within all of his books, including Genesis Revisited, Divine Encounters, The Lost Book of Enki, The Earth Chronicles Expeditions, and Journeys to the Mythical Past.

En histoire comme en archéologie précolombienne, le nom de Chan Chan est étroitement lié à celui du fameux Gran Chimú, le plus opulent potentat des déserts côtiers de l’ancien Pérou. C’est à l’un de

En histoire comme en archéologie précolombienne, le nom de Chan Chan est étroitement lié à celui du fameux Gran Chimú, le plus opulent potentat des déserts côtiers de l’ancien Pérou. C’est à l’un de

Esta obra está dedicada a los pavimentos de la "colonia Augusta Firma Astigi", Écija (Sevilla). Junto a los datos históricos y arqueológicos de esta colonia, la catalogación y estudio de sus pavimentos musivos confirman la inclusion de Ecija en el entramado historico y cultural del Imperio romano.

Cet ouvrage est une réédition numérique d’un livre paru au XXe siècle, désormais indisponible dans son format d’origine.

Cet ouvrage est une réédition numérique d’un livre paru au XXe siècle, désormais indisponible dans son format d’origine.

La romanisation est pour les archéologues une question complexe qui touche tant à la notion d’identité qu’aux problèmes inhérents à l’interprétation des témoins de la culture matérielle. Durant les v

A truly remarkable writer, one of the most gifted non-fiction authors alive Simon Schama, Financial TimesSHORTLISTED FOR THE 2015 COSTA BIOGRAPHY AWARDThis is the autobiography that John Aubrey never wrote.You may not know his name. Aubrey was a modest man, a gentleman-scholar who cared far more for the preservation of history than for his own legacy. But he was a passionate collector, an early archaeologist and the inventor of modern biography.With all the wit, charm and originality that characterises her subject, Ruth Scurr has seamlessly stitched together John Aubreys own words to tell his life story and a captivating history of seventeenth-century England unlike any other.A game-changer in the world of biography Mary BeardIngenious Hilary MantelIrresistible Philip Pullman

La llegada del hombre a la Amazonía hace más de 12 000 años, marca el inicio de fenómenos sociales esenciales, creaciones artísticas únicas e invenciones de técnicas primordiales. Muchas de estas prestigiosas innovaciones no provinieron, como se piensa aun con demasiada frecuencia, de Los Andes ni tampoco de la costa, sino de las tierras tropicales bajas de la Amazonia. Durante largo tiempo se creyo que Los Andes y la costa del Pacifico fueron los centros de invenciones culturales para toda America del sur. Se les atribuyo la domesticacion de las plantas y de los animales, el descubrimiento de la ceramica y de la metalurgia, la creacion de un sistema religioso complejo, de la centralizacion politica y de la estratificacion social, opinion difusionista defendida en especial por la norteamericana Betty Meggers, iniciadora de la arqueologia amazonica. Segun esta vision dualista en donde Los Andes eran igual a Cultura y Tierras Bajas igual a Naturaleza, toda innovacion hallaba necesariamente su origen en la sierra. Partiendo de esto, Betty Meggers sostenia que las sociedades complejas bajaron de Los Andes a la Amazonia. Explicaba entonces su decadencia por la pobreza del medio natural al cual no lograron adaptarse. Siguiendo un determinismo ecologico estricto, afirmaba que las tierras bajas esteriles provocaron el estancamiento cultural de los habitantes de la Amazonia. Deducia de ello, la decadencia de las sociedades complejas precolombinas de la isla de Marajo, las mismas que al no soportar las condiciones desfavorables, habrian periclitado luego de su llegada.

Excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth, 1961-1975, produced more than 170 inscribed objects of stone, bronze, bone, lead weights, pottery (graffiti and dipinti), clay pinakes, magical lead tablets, and in a mosaic. In this new Corinth volume, Ron Stroud presents all of these inscriptions, and he relates them to an overall interpretation of the activities, secular and religious, attested in this shrine during its long period of use from the 7th century B.C. until the end of the 4th century A.D. Where possible, Stroud also draws out their implications for and contribution to the history of ancient Corinth, the worship of the goddesses Demeter and Kore, and the practice of magic-especially in the Roman period. This is the final publication of the inscribed objects from the sanctuary, excluding loomweights and stamped amphora handles, which will be included in a later publication.

Le royaume de Sidon tenait sa place dans le Levant du Bronze Récent, mais peu de restes archéologiques en témoignaient ; c’est ce qui a fait l’intérêt de la nécropole de Sidon-Dakerman, objet de la t

El propósito de esta monografía es conocer algunos retazos de la sociedad y de la cultura ibérica a través de una manifestación pictórica, la decoración figurada de la cerámica. El marco cronológico de la investigacion es, pues, el periodo helenistico. La autora ha recogido el material arqueologico disperso en varios museos ?procedente, principalmente, de los yacimientos de La Alcudia de Elche y El Tolmo de Minateda-, y ha reunido una muestra completa de la ceramica pintada durante ese periodo en la Contestania (una region de la Peninsula Iberica que se extendia por las actuales provincias de Alicante, Murcia y Albacete). El estudio de ese material ha permitido identificar y definir los distintos estilos ceramicos. El analisis de los soportes y de las imagenes, y la investigacion historiografica y arqueometrica revelan la relacion entre territorio e iconografia, y permiten reconstruir el marco social y economico de las comunidades ibericas.

Une immersion unique dans la cité dAkhénaton. Une égyptologie scientifique et vivante.Cest en Moyenne-Égypte, sur la rive droite du Nil, quau XIVe siècle avant notre ère, Akhénaton fonda lHorizon dAt

La découverte de la civilisation pharaonique : la plus grande aventure de notre temps !Cest à la Renaissance que les Européens redécouvrent lÉgypte ancienne. Dans un décor de sable et deau, des vesti