CITIES OF LADIES

Selected by Choice magazine in 2002 as an Outstanding Academic Title Destined to become the standard work in beguine history.--Renaissance Quarterly A tour de force.--David Nicholas, Clemson University A vivid, valuable portrait.--History Comprehensive and authoritative.--Medium Aevum Walter Simons has written a thorough, scholarly study, long on careful research, to the point on analysis, and without theoretical trappings. Cities of Ladies is a most welcome contribution to the study of medieval religious life and womens place in the life of the Low Countries.--Speculum Indispensable for students of medieval religion and womens history.--Journal of Religion The definitive study. . . . A learned, lively, and highly readable book, now the essential introduction to the subject.--Choice This fine work reveals medieval religion as a web of overlapping interests. . . . Simons has thus both provided a detailed study of the movement in the Low Countries and place it in its wider religious, social, and economic context.--Ecclesiastical History In the early thirteenth century, semireligious communities of women began to form in the cities and towns of the Low Countries. These beguines, as the women came to be known, led lives of contemplation and prayer and earned their livings as laborers or teachers. In Cities of Ladies, the first history of the beguines to appear in English in fifty years, Walter Simons traces the transformation of informal clusters of single women to large beguinages. These veritable single-sex cities offered lower- and middle-class women an alternative to both marriage and convent life. While the regions expanding urban economies initially valued the communities for their cheap labor supply, severe economic crises by the fourteenth century restricted womens opportunities for work. Church authorities had also grown less tolerant of religious experimentation, hailing as subve