Biografías, página 169 de 934

What was Albert Einstein like as a person? How did J. Robert Oppenheimers religious background impact his scientific endeavors? Why did John Stewart Bell get into physics in the first place? Prolific science writer Jeremy Bernstein has followed up on his original Quantum Profiles, published in 1990, with seven added profiles: Wendell Furry, Philipp Frank, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Victor Weisskopf, Tom Lehrer, Max Jammer, and Robert Serber. The profiles on John Stewart Bell, John Wheeler, and Albert Einstein from the first edition have been revised and expanded, as well. Bernstein presents each profile carefully, and the context provided in these historical profiles is revolutionary in each approach. Bernsteins unique academic and social background allows readers to fully grasp the character profiles in each chapter. With a conversational writing style, Bernstein lets readers get to know these ten prolific physicists-from personalities to historical and scientific significance-in a whole new way.

This is the inside story of Elizabeth Is inner circle and the crucial human relationships which lay at the heart of her personal and political life. Using a wide range of original sources--including private letters, portraits, verse, drama, and state papers--Susan Doran provides a vivid andoften dramatic account of political life in Elizabethan England and the queen at its center, offering a deeper insight into Elizabeths emotional and political conduct--and challenging many of the popular myths that have grown up around her. It is a story replete with fascinating questions. What was the true nature of Elizabeths relationship with her father, Henry VIII, especially after his execution of her mother? What was the influence of her step-mothers on Elizabeths education and religious beliefs? How close was she really to herhalf-brother Edward VI--and were relations with her half-sister Mary really as poisonous as is popularly assumed? And what of her relationship with her Stewart cousins, most famously with Mary Queen of Scots, executed on Elizabeths orders in 1587, but also with Marys son James VI of Scotland, later to succeed Elizabeth as her chosen successor? Elizabeths relations with her family were crucial, but almost as crucial were her relations with her courtiers and her councillors. Here again, the story unravels a host of interesting questions.

This first-ever biography of American painter Grace Hartigan traces her rise from virtually self-taught painter to art-world fame, her plunge into obscurity after leaving New York to marry a scientist in Baltimore, and her constant efforts to reinvent her style and subject matter. Along the way, there were multiple affairs, four troubled marriages, a long battle with alcoholism, and a chilly relationship with her only child. Attempting to channel her vague ambitions after an early marriage, Grace struggled to master the basics of drawing in night-school classes. She moved to New York in her early twenties and befriended Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, and other artists who were pioneering Abstract Expressionism. Although praised for the coloristic brio of her abstract paintings, she began working figuratively, a move that was much criticized but ultimately vindicated when the Museum of Modern Art purchased her painting The Persian Jacket in 1953. By the mid-fifties, she freely combined abstract and representational elements. Grace-who signed her paintings Hartigan- was a full-fledged member of the mens club that was the 1950s art scene. Featured in Time, Newsweek, Life, and Look, she was the only woman in MoMAs groundbreaking 12 Americans exhibition in 1956, and the youngest artist-and again, only woman-in The New American Painting, which toured Europe in 1958-1959. Two years later she moved to Baltimore, where she became legendary for her signature tough-love counsel to her art school students. Grace continued to paint throughout her life, seeking-for better or worse-something truer and fiercer than beauty.

In January of 1950, Mary Church Terrell, an 86-year-old charter member of the NAACP, headed into Thompsons Restaurant, just a few blocks from the White House, and requested to be served. She and her companions were informed by the manager that they could not eat in his establishment, because they were colored. Terrell, a former suffragette and one of the countrys first college-educated African American women, took the matter to court. Three years later, the Supreme Court vindicated her outrage: District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co., Inc. was decided in June 1953, invalidating the segregation of restaurants and cafes in the nations capital. In Just Another Southern Town, Joan Quigley recounts an untold chapter of the civil rights movement: an epic battle to topple segregation in Washington, the symbolic home of American democracy. At the books heart is the formidable Mary Church Terrell and the test case she mounts seeking to enforce Reconstruction-era laws prohibiting segregation in D.C. restaurants. Through the prism of Terrells story, Quigley reassesses Washingtons relationship to civil rights history, bringing to life a pivotal fight for equality that erupted five years before Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of a Montgomery bus and a decade before the student sit-in movement rocked segregated lunch counters across the South. At a time when most civil rights scholarship begins with Brown v. Board of Education, Just Another Southern Town unearths the story of the nations capital as an early flashpoint on race. A rich portrait of American politics and society in the mid-20th century, it interweaves Terrells narrative with the courtroom drama of the case and the varied personalities of the justices who ultimately voted unanimously to prohibit segregated restaurants. Resonating with gestures of courage and indignation that radiate from the capitals streets and sidewalks to its marble-clad seats of power, this work restores Mary Church Terrell and the case that launched a crusade to their rightful place in the pantheon of civil rights history.

The Nazi regime and local collaborators killed 800,000 Belorussian Jews, many of them parents or relatives of youngJews who survived the war. Thousands of young girls and boys were thus orphaned and struggled for survival on their own. This book is the first systematic account of young Soviet Jews lives under conditions of Nazi occupation and genocide. These orphans experiences and memories are rooted in the 1930s, when Soviet policies promoted and sometimes actually created interethnic solidarity and social equality. This experience of interethnic solidarity provided a powerful framework for the ways in which young Jews survived and, several decades after the war, represented their experience of violence and displacement. Through oral histories with several survivors, video testimonies, and memoirs, Anika Walke reveals the crucial roles of age and gender in the ways young Jews survived and remembered the Nazi genocide, and shows how shared experiences of trauma facilitated community building within and beyond national groups. Pioneers and Partisans uncovers the repeated transformations of identity that Soviet Jewish children and adolescents experienced, from Soviet citizens in the prewar years, to a target of genocidal violence during the war, to a barely accepted national minority in the postwar Soviet Union.

Eoin O’Duffy was one of the most controversial figures of modern Irish history. A guerrilla leader and protégé of Michael Collins, he rose rapidly through the ranks of the republican movement. By 192

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Employing an individual life lived under any names, Names and Stories investigates nineteenth-century British culture while also embodying a critical and historical engagement with theoretical questions. The book examines the histories of gender, knowledge, families, bodies, art, and political thought in Victorian Britain, contributing to both literary studies and cross-disciplinary feminist scholarship. By exploring key facets of British cultural and political history in the 1800s, this new work rigorously addresses wider themes of narrative, figuration, and historical writing and reading.

In a span of four eventful years, from 1961 to 1965, longtime union advocate and liberal stalwart Arthur J. Goldberg won appointments to three of our nations highest government posts: Secretary of Labor, Supreme Court Justice, and U.S. Representative to the U.N. Here is the first biography of Arthur J. Goldberg, one that investigates this remarkable stretch in Goldbergs public career while offering a stimulating portrait of a man who rose from working-class roots to offices that helped define the shapes of postwar union expansion and liberal policy in the 1960s. Drawing upon a wide range of sources, ranging from sealed government papers to interviews the author conducted with Goldberg in the last nine years of his life, historian David Stebenne writes of Goldbergs youth as the son of a Chicago fruit peddler, his awakening to the pursuit of labor law, and his galvanizing role as legal counsel in the late 1930s newspaper guild strike against the Hearst Company, a triumph which brought him to the attention of the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Appointed general counsel of both the CIO and the United Steelworkers Union, Goldberg advised the merger that formed the mighty AFL-CIO, while leading the fight to expel the Brotherhood of Teamsters and championing the interests of American workers in Washington. At once the biography of a leading liberal and a study of liberalism since FDR, Arthur J. Goldberg: New Deal Liberal will interest anyone concerned with social reform, Supreme Court activism, and labor history in the postwar era.