CITIZENS, ELECTIONS, PARTIES

first, the extension of citizenship to hitherto underprivileged strata of each territorial population, second, the mobilisation of the new masses through the institutionalisation of elections and the formation of parties and popular movements, and third, the reactions of the mobilised masses to the alternatives presented to them by the inherited national regime, by the parties, and by the new media of communication. Rokkan s work, as represented in Citizens, Elections, Parties, remains alive today, his analysis of the structural underpinnings of citizen behaviour was innovative and highly ambitious in its day and still remains relevant, with many of the questions he raised still not receiving an adequate answer.