FORTRESS FREMANTLE

In 2010 Tim commenced as a tour guide with the Rottnest Volunteer Guides Association. In the course of his ,duties ,he discovered aspects of Western Australia&rsquo,s past, particularly about the Port of Fremantle in World War Two, of which he had no idea about, despite having spent so much of his early years in and around the Port. It was this newfound knowledge and his subsequent thirst ,to ,continuing researching such history that inspired him to write ,Fortress Fremantle.Fremantle was the world&rsquo,s second largest submarine base in the Second World War and housed submarines from the United States, England and The Netherlands. This followed Japan&rsquo,s invasion, and occupation of, much of the Pacific after their attack on Pearl Harbour in December 1941.The contribution of this submarine fleet to the eventual Allied victory was immense, with some of the United States&rsquo, ,most successful ships based there.Many submarines were lost at sea over the course of the war, ,and the USS Bullhead, the memory of which this book is dedicated to, was the last American ship to be lost in World War Two. After leaving the Port of Fremantle in July 1945, she was sunk off the coast of Bali on ,6 August 1945, the same day as the first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.In total, more than 170 submarines were based in Fremantle over the course of the war. Such was the importance of this base, that the Port was closed to the public and most people who lived in Fremantle had no idea of the significance of their contribution to the war effort.To protect the Port, an array of coastal defences existed which stretched from Swanbourne in the ,north, ,to Point Peron in ,the south, ,and out to Rottnest Island off the coast. The guns at Rottnest could engage enemy targets from a distance of 28 kilometres, long before an attacking battleship could come within range of F